Human Genome Project and DNA fingerprinting — NEET & JEE Questions

Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall

A major aim of the Human Genome Project:

• A. cloning every human
• B. producing only recombinant insulin
• C. eliminating mutations
• D. determining the sequence and identifying genes in the human genome

Question 2 · difficulty L1 · recall

The highly polymorphic repeated sequences classically used in DNA fingerprinting:

• A. telomerase proteins
• B. histone genes only
• C. VNTRs
• D. ribosomal RNAs

Question 3 · difficulty L2 · understanding

What was a central goal of the Human Genome Project?

• A. To replace all human genes with synthetic DNA
• B. To clone every human gene into bacteria
• C. Sequence the human genome and identify genes
• D. To sequence only protein-coding regions

Question 4 · difficulty L2 · understanding

A major goal of the Human Genome Project was to

• A. identify human genes and determine the nucleotide sequence of the human genome
• B. sequence only mitochondrial DNA
• C. eliminate all genetic variation from humans
• D. produce identical genomes in every individual

Question 5 · difficulty L2 · understanding

DNA fingerprinting is useful because many genomic regions show

• A. highly polymorphic sequence-length variation among individuals
• B. exactly the same sequence in every person
• C. no inheritance from parents
• D. only protein-coding variation

Question 6 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Arrange the following steps of DNA fingerprinting in a correct sequence. A. Isolation of DNA and its digestion by restriction endonucleases. B. Hybridisation using a labelled VNTR probe. C. Transferring of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes. D. Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography. E. Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{E}$
• B. $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{C}$
• C. $A, E, C, B, D$
• D. $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{D}$

Question 7 · difficulty L3 · understanding

DNA polymorphism forms the basis of:

• A. Genetic mapping
• B. DNA finger printing
• C. Both genetic mapping and DNA finger printing
• D. Translation

Question 8 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Transposons can be used during which one of the following?

• A. Polymerase Chain Reaction
• B. Gene Silencing
• C. Autoradiography
• D. Gene sequencing

Question 9 · difficulty L3 · understanding

DNA fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence, called as

• A. Polymorphic DNA
• B. Satellite DNA
• C. Repetitive DNA
• D. Single nucleotides

Question 10 · difficulty L4 · analysis

Why are highly variable repetitive DNA regions useful in DNA fingerprinting?

• A. They are identical in all humans
• B. They vary among individuals
• C. They occur only in mitochondrial DNA
• D. They are never inherited