Control of breathing and lung disorders — NEET & JEE Questions

Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall

Destruction of alveolar walls with reduced respiratory surface is characteristic of:

• A. anaemia
• B. asthma
• C. emphysema
• D. hypertension

Question 2 · difficulty L1 · recall

The primary respiratory rhythm centre is located in the:

• A. retina
• B. medulla oblongata
• C. spinal cord lumbar region
• D. cerebral cortex only

Question 3 · difficulty L1 · recall

Where is the respiratory rhythm centre primarily located?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Medulla oblongata
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Spinal cord only

Question 4 · difficulty L2 · recall

The basic rhythm of respiration is generated by a centre located in which part of the human brain?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Medulla oblongata
• C. Cerebrum
• D. Hypothalamus

Question 5 · difficulty L2 · understanding

Which chemical change is a major stimulus for increasing ventilation in humans?

• A. A fall in nitrogen concentration
• B. A small rise in blood oxygen concentration
• C. An increase in carbon dioxide and H+ concentration
• D. An increase in plasma glucose

Question 6 · difficulty L2 · understanding

The respiratory rhythm centre that generates the basic breathing pattern is located mainly in the

• A. medulla oblongata
• B. cerebellum
• C. hypothalamus only
• D. spinal cord lumbar region

Question 7 · difficulty L3 · application

A person repeatedly inhales cigarette smoke and progressively loses alveolar surface area because alveolar walls are damaged. Which disorder best matches this change?

• A. Occupational fibrosis only
• B. Asthma
• C. Pneumonia
• D. Emphysema

Question 8 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : A person goes to high altitude and experiences "Altitude Sickness" with symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations. Reason (R) : Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude, the body does not get sufficient oxygen. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. (A) is true but (R) is false
• B. (A) is false but (R) is true
• C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• D. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 9 · difficulty L3 · application

A rise in arterial carbon dioxide increases hydrogen-ion concentration in body fluids. What is the usual respiratory response?

• A. Ventilation increases
• B. Ventilation decreases to zero
• C. Only heart rate changes
• D. Breathing becomes independent of chemoreceptors

Question 10 · difficulty L3 · application

A person rapidly ascends to high altitude where atmospheric oxygen partial pressure is lower. Which immediate respiratory adjustment is expected?

• A. Increased ventilation
• B. Complete cessation of breathing
• C. Reduced ventilation
• D. No change in breathing drive